Research

Predicting postoperative haemoglobin changes after burn surgery

Petrus Slabber, Zane Farina, Nikki Allorto, Reitze Nils Rodseth

Abstract


Background. Burn surgery is associated with significant blood loss and fluid shifts that cause rapid haemoglobin (Hb) changes during and after surgery. Understanding the relationship between intraoperative and postoperative (day 1) Hb changes may assist in avoiding postoperative anaemia and unnecessary peri-operative blood transfusion.

Objective. To describe the Hb changes into the first day after burn surgery and to identify factors predictive of Hb changes that would guide blood transfusion decisions.

Methods. This was a single-institution, retrospective cohort study that included 158 patients who had undergone burn surgery. Hb was measured at the start and end of surgery, and on the first day (16 - 32 hours) after surgery, and the results were analysed. Peri-operative factors (Hb at the end of surgery, total body surface area operated on (TBSA-op), fluid administration and intraoperative blood administration) were evaluated to determine their association with Hb changes on the first day after surgery.

Results. The mean (standard deviation) preoperative Hb was 10.6 (2.29) g/dL, the mean postoperative Hb was 9.4 (2.01) g/dL, and the mean Hb on the first day after surgery was 9.2 (2.19) g/dL. Median total burn surface area was 7% (interquartile range 9%, min. 1%, max. 45%), with a mean body surface area operated on (debridement area plus donor area) of 9.7%. Of the 158 patients, 26 (16%) had an Hb <7 g/dL (transfusion trigger) on the first day after surgery. For patients with a high (≥9 g/dL), intermediate (≥7 - <9 g/dL), or low (<7 g/dL) Hb measurement at the end of burn surgery, those with an Hb below the transfusion trigger on the first day after burn surgery were 0%, 27%, and 75%, respectively. End-of-surgery Hb and TBSA-op strongly predicted the first day Hb level. In the intermediate group, 55% of patients with a TBSA-op ≥11% had an Hb below the transfusion trigger on the first day after surgery.

Conclusion. Hb at the end of burn surgery was the best predictor of Hb on the first day after surgery. Patients with an Hb <7 g/dL remained as such on the first postoperative day. Half of the patients with an end-of-surgery Hb ≥7 - <9 g/dL and who had ≥11% TBSA-op had an Hb <7 g/dL on the first postoperative day.


Authors' affiliations

Petrus Slabber, Department of Anaesthetics, Grey’s Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa

Zane Farina, Peri-operative Research Group, Metropolitan Department of Anaesthetics, Critical Care and Pain Management, College of Health Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa

Nikki Allorto, Peri-operative Research Group, Metropolitan Department of Anaesthetics, Critical Care and Pain Management, College of Health Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa

Reitze Nils Rodseth, Peri-operative Research Group, Metropolitan Department of Anaesthetics, Critical Care and Pain Management, College of Health Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; and Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA

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Keywords

Anaesthesiology; Burn surgery; Haemoglobin; Retrospective cohort study; Blood transfusion

Cite this article

South African Medical Journal 2017;107(5):424-427. DOI:10.7196/SAMJ.2017.v107i5.12192

Article History

Date submitted: 2017-04-25
Date published: 2017-04-25

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