Diagnostic approach to chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can be considered to be present if a patient has a glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min or markers of kidney
disease that have been present for >3 months. These include proteinuria, haematuria and radiological abnormalities. Regardless of the stage
of CKD, the approach is mainly similar. As stated in the South African Renal Society Guidelines for the early detection and management of
CKD, early and appropriate investigation and timeous referral of these patients enable one to establish a specific diagnosis; treat reversible
diseases; optimise management to slow the progression of CKD; identify and optimally manage comorbid conditions; and plan renal
replacement therapy well before the patient develops end-stage kidney disease.