Research

Hypertension, end-stage renal disease and mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis in methamphetamine users

Erika S Wilshire Jones, Brian Lindsay Rayner

Abstract


Background. Methamphetamine abuse has risen dramatically in South Africa. The chronic effects of abuse on the kidneys and blood pressure have not been documented. This study reviewed patients referred for evaluation of kidney disease and/or hypertension, who had been abusing methamphetamines.

Methods. The records of patients referred to the renal unit between 2005 and 2013 who had been using methamphetamines were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics, biophysical parameters, blood pressure, renal function, renal ultrasound and biopsy findings, complications of chronic kidney disease and comorbidities were recorded.

Results. Forty-seven patients were included in the study. Their mean age was 29 years. Hypertension was present in 42 (89.4%) of patients, with malignant hypertension in 21 (44.7%). Forty-five (95.7%) had chronic kidney disease (CKD), and 26 (55.3%) had end-stage renal disease. Renal biopsies were performed in 24 patients. Twelve (50.0%) of the biopsies showed hypertensive changes and 14 (58.3%) mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis type 1, with deposition of IgM and C3 complement.

Conclusion. Methamphetamine use is associated with severe hypertension, mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis and CKD.

Authors' affiliations

Erika S Wilshire Jones, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, and Renal Unit, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa

Brian Lindsay Rayner, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, and Renal Unit, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa

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Keywords

Chronic kidney disease; Hypertension; Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis; Methamphetamines

Cite this article

South African Medical Journal 2015;105(3):199-201. DOI:10.7196/SAMJ.8731

Article History

Date submitted: 2014-07-29
Date published: 2015-02-02

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